Major depression is one of the most common mental health disorders, affecting millions of people worldwide. Here in California, 46.1% of adults reported symptoms of anxiety or depression in February 2021. However, only a portion of these people get the help they need. It’s important for people to know that depression is a treatable condition that responds well to therapy and medication. Most people are able to lead normal, productive lives when they receive the right support.
Let’s discuss the differences between major depression and other mood disorders so that you can better understand your condition, seek appropriate care, and foster better mental health.
What is Major Depression?
Major depression, also known as major depressive disorder (MDD), is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. These symptoms must be present for at least two weeks to be diagnosed as major depression. Having several days with a low mood is not the same.
People with major depression also tend to experience intense symptoms such as changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, trouble concentrating, and thoughts of suicide. The key feature of major depression is the depth and duration of depressive episodes, which are often severe and long-lasting, impacting daily functioning.
How Major Depression Differs from Other Mood Disorders
Though major depression shares some symptoms with mood disorders, there are key differences between them.
Major Depression vs Bipolar Disorder
Both conditions involve episodes of depression where individuals experience intense feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of energy. However, the difference is that bipolar disorder involves mood swings that range from depressive episodes (similar to depression) to periods of mania or hypomania where individuals feel energetic, euphoric, and overly confident. Major depression does not involve these feelings. Bipolar disorder also receives different treatment in the form of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics.
Major Depression vs Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Seasonal affective disorder and major depression both involve depressive episodes, with many of the same symptoms—fatigue, low energy, and sadness. However, SAD is a type of depression that follows a seasonal pattern, typically occurring in the fall and winter months when daylight is limited. Major depression, on the other hand, can occur any time of the year and is not linked to changes in sunlight. People with SAD often experience an improvement in their mood during the spring and summer. In addition to standard depression treatment, people with SAD tend to benefit from light therapy.
Major Depression vs Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder)
Dysthismia, also referred to as persistent depressive disorder (PDD), involves chronic depression that lasts for at least two years. However, the symptoms of dysthymia tend to be less severe than those of major depression. While major depression can cause symptoms that interfere with daily functioning, dysthymia typically allows individuals to function but with a low mood and life satisfaction. Both conditions are treated similarly, though PDD may involve a more prolonged approach.
Major Depression vs Cyclothymic Disorder
Cyclothymic disorder is similar to bipolar disorder in that it involves chronic mood swings; however, the highs and lows are not as extreme. People with cyclothymic disorder experience periods of depression that are similar to major depression, but they are less severe and alternate with hypomanic symptoms. Mood stabilizers and psychotherapy are the gold standard for treating cyclothymic disorder, as they help manage mood swings.
Major Depression Disorder Treatment in Agoura Hills, CA
While major depression shares some of the same overlapping symptoms as other mood disorders, its persistent and pervasive nature sets it apart. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of major depression is key in ensuring you get the appropriate care. Without intervention, it’s possible for depression to worsen and thoughts of suicide to surface. This can lead to substance use in an effort to numb painful emotions, further exacerbating your symptoms. To learn more about treating depression and any other co-occurring mental health and substance disorders, contact Awakenings Treatment Center today.
